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fractures

Fractures are usually caused by trauma to the bone, such as falls, accidents, sports injuries, or impacts. They can also result from bone diseases like osteoporosis, which weakens bones and makes them more prone to breaking.

  • Pain in the injury area
  • Swelling or bruising
  • An unnatural shape of the affected area
  • Difficulty moving the affected limb or joint
  • Tenderness to touch
  • Sometimes, bone protrudes through the skin (in open fractures)

A doctor typically diagnoses a fracture through a physical examination and imaging tests, such as

  • X-rays.
  • CT scans or MRIs

The fracture treatment depends on the break's type, location, and severity. Common treatment options include:

  • Using a cast, splint, or brace keeps the bone still during healing.
  • If the bone is displaced, a doctor may need to manually or surgically realign the bone.
  • In cases of severe fractures (e.g., comminuted or open fractures), surgery may be needed to place metal plates, screws, or rods to stabilize the bone.

Healing time varies depending on the fracture type, the bone involved, and the person's age and overall health. Generally:

  • Minor fractures: 4–6 weeks
  • More complex fractures: 8–12 weeks or longer
  • Children may heal more quickly than adults.

Moving a fractured bone is not recommended, as it can cause further injury or complications. If you suspect a fracture, it's important to immobilize the area and seek medical attention immediately.

  • Closed fracture: The bone breaks but does not penetrate the skin.
  • Open fracture: The bone breaks and pierces through the skin, increasing the risk of infection and complications.

While it’s not always possible to prevent fractures, some strategies can reduce the risk:

  • Wearing protective gear during sports
  • Being cautious to avoid falls
  • Maintaining bone health through proper nutrition (calcium and vitamin D) and weight-bearing exercises
  • Managing conditions like osteoporosis through medication and lifestyle changes.
  • Infection (especially with open fractures)
  • Nerve or blood vessel damage
  • Delayed healing or nonunion (where the bone doesn’t heal properly)
  • Compartment syndrome (increased pressure within muscles)
  • Post-traumatic arthritis in joints affected by the fracture.
  • Immobilize the area to prevent further injury.
  • Apply ice to reduce swelling.
  • Elevate the injured limb to reduce swelling.
  • Take pain relievers as recommended by your doctor.