People who are at higher risk for osteoporosis include:

• Postmenopausal women due to a drop in estrogen levels
•  Aging
• Family history of osteoporosis.
• People with a low body weight or small body frame.
• Those with an inadequate intake of calcium and vitamin D.
• Individuals who have a sedentary lifestyle, smoke, or consume excessive alcohol.
• People who take certain medications, such as long-term corticosteroids.

Osteoporosis is often called a “silent disease” because it may not show symptoms.

• Back pain
• Loss of height over time
• Stooped posture
• Fractures from minor falls or injuries

Osteoporosis is diagnosed through a bone mineral density (BMD) test, commonly done using a DEXA scan (dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry). This test measures the density of your bones and can assess the risk of fractures.

• Get enough calcium and vitamin D in your diet.
• Do exercise regularly& focus on weight-bearing exercises (walking, jogging, weightlifting).
• Avoid smoking and limit alcohol intake.
• Maintain a healthy weight.
• Monitor your bone health with regular check-ups.

• Medications like bisphosphonates (alendronate), selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs), and hormone replacement therapy (HRT).
• Calcium and Vitamin D supplements to support bone health.
• Lifestyle changes
• Fall prevention measures to avoid fractures, especially in the elderly.

Osteoporosis cannot be completely cured, but it can be managed effectively with the right treatments. Medications can help prevent further bone loss, strengthen bones, and reduce fracture risks.

The most common fractures in people with osteoporosis are:

• Hip fractures: These can be disabling and often require surgery.
• Spinal fractures: These can lead to back pain and a hunched posture.
• Wrist fractures: Often occur in falls.

If you have osteoporosis due to risk factors or symptoms (like back pain or a recent fracture), you should see a healthcare provider. They can perform a bone density test and guide treatment and lifestyle changes.

Foods rich in calcium and vitamin D are essential for bone health. These include:

• Dairy products (milk, cheese, yogurt)
• Leafy green vegetables (kale, spinach)
• Fortified cereals and juices
• Fish (salmon, sardines)
• Tofu and fortified plant-based milk (almond, soy)

Menopause leads to a drop in estrogen levels, which accelerates bone loss and increases the risk of osteoporosis. Postmenopausal women are particularly at risk and may need medication or hormone therapy to protect bone density.

Yes, men can develop osteoporosis, although they are at lower risk than women. As men age, testosterone levels decline, which can also lead to a decrease in bone mass. However, men typically experience osteoporosis later in life compared to women.

Weight-bearing exercises and strength training are particularly beneficial for improving bone density. These include:

• Walking or jogging
• Dancing
• Weight lifting
• Resistance band exercises
• Balance exercises (to prevent falls)

Yes, exercise is an essential part of managing osteoporosis. However, it’s important to avoid high-impact activities or exercises that risk falling or injury. Always check with your doctor before starting an exercise program if you have osteoporosis.

A bone density test helps determine the strength of your bones and whois at risk for fractures. It can also be used to track how well treatment for osteoporosis is working overtime.

People who have a high risk of osteoporosis or thinning bones should do it.